CHAPTERS IN EACH SECTION

Section A (Chapters 1-10): I. Sources of Errors in Clinical Laboratories: An Overview: Variation, errors, and quality • Errors in patient preparation, specimen collection, anticoagulant and preservative use • Sample processing and specimen misidentification issues • Effect of patient-related factors • Interferences of hemolysis, lipemia and high bilirubin • Immunoassay design • Prozone effect and interferences from heterophilic antibodies and autoantibodies • Biotin interference. II. Sources of Errors in Clinical Chemistry Laboratory: Challenges in routine clinical chemistry testing analysis of small molecules • Proteins and enzymes.

Section B (Chapters 11-18): II. Sources of Errors in Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (continued): Challenges in endocrinology testing • Pitfalls in testing for common tumor markers. III. Sources of Errors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology: Issues of interferences • Limitations of immunoassays for screening of drugs of abuse in urine • Challenges in confirmation testing for drugs of abuse • Issues of false negative results in toxicology • Ethanol determination using automated analyzers. IV. Herbal Medicines and Laboratory Testing: Effects of herbal supplements and clinical laboratory test results.

Section C (Chapters 19-30): V. Sources of Errors in Immunology Laboratory: Critical issues in hemoglobinopathy • Immunology and serology testing. VI. Sources of Errors in Molecular, Genetic and Related Testings: Molecular diagnostic analyses • Molecular testing for targeted therapies and pharmacogenomics • Challenges in chemical genetics testings. VII. Sources of Errors in Microbiology Testings: Pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical errors. VIII. Sources of Errors in Hematology and Coagulation testings: Includes flow cytometry. IX. Sources of Errors in Transfusion Medicine: Interferences in blood bank testing • Errors of blood transfusion. X. Sources of Errors in Point of Care Testing: Methodological issues in point of care testing.

Section I: Sources of errors in clinical laboratories: An overview

1. Variation, errors, and quality in the clinical laboratory
2. Errors in patient preparation, specimen collection, anticoagulant and preservative use: how to avoid such pre-analytical errors
3. Sample processing and specimen misidentification issues: major sources of pre-analytical errors
4. Effect of patient-related factors on clinical laboratory test results
5. Interferences of hemolysis, lipemia and high bilirubin on laboratory tests
6. Immunoassay design
7. Overview of other sources of interferences in immunoassays: prozone effect and interferences from heterophilic antibodies and autoantibodies
8. Biotin interference in clinical laboratory tests: sporadic problem or a serious clinical issue?

Section II: Sources of errors in clinical chemistry laboratory

9. Challenges in routine clinical chemistry testing analysis of small molecules
10. Challenges in routine clinical chemistry analysis: proteins and enzymes
11. Challenges in endocrinology testing
12. Pitfalls in testing for common tumor markers

Section III: Sources of errors in therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology
13. Issues of interferences in therapeutic drug monitoring
14. Limitations of immunoassays for screening of drugs of abuse in urine: issues of false positive and false negative results
15. Challenges in confirmation testing for drugs of abuse
16. Issues of false negative results in toxicology: difficult in detecting certain drugs and issues with detection of synthetic cathinone (bath salts), synthetic cannabinoids (spice), and other new psychoactive substances
17. Ethanol determination using automated analyzers: limitations and pitfalls

Section IV: Herbal medicines and laboratory testings
18. Effects of herbal supplements on clinical laboratory test results

Section V: Sources of errors in immunology laboratory
19. Critical issues in hemoglobinopathy detection and serology testing for HIV and hepatitis infections
20. Sources of errors in immunology and serology testing

Section VI: Sources of errors in molecular, genetic and related testings
21. Sources of error in molecular diagnostic analyses
22. Molecular testing for targeted therapies and pharmacogenomics
23. Challenges and sources of inaccuracy in biochemical genetics testing

Section VII: Sources of errors in microbiology testings
24. Sources of pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical errors in the microbiology laboratory

Section VIII: Sources of errors in hematology and coagulation testings
25. Sources of errors in hematology testing
26. Sources of errors in coagulation testing
27. Sources of errors in flow cytometry

Section IX: Sources of errors in transfusion medicine
28. Interferences in blood bank testing
29. Errors and adverse effects of blood transfusion

Section X: Sources of errors in point of care testing

30. Methodological issues in point of care testing devices

31. Special concern: sources of inaccuracy in breath alcohol analysis (not included in quiz)